General Instructions For Fire Safety Items

Translated by Alexandra Igna (2019)

 

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY OBJECTIVES AND INSTRUCTIONS

These instructions refer to the general fire safety requirements in the territory, in the buildings and structures belonging to the organization and they are mandatory for all officials and individuals. Individuals who are found guilty of breaching the General Fire Safety Objectives and Instructions are liable in accordance with the applicable laws. When ensuring fire safety, these instructions should be guided by technical regulations, national standards, governing codes of practice and fire safety requirements. In the event of a fire, the safety of the individuals in each installation should be ensured and the instructions on fire safety measures for each type of explosion, fire hazard and fire hazard area (workshop etc.) should be developed in accordance with the mandatory annexes, at the command of the organization. Employees should only be allowed to work after a fire drill, and if the specifics of their work should change, additional training should follow to prevent and suppress possible fires. 

Organizational Measures To Ensure Fire Safety

Signs with fire call phone number and fire safety instructions for a particular production area should be hung in prominent places in all production, administrative, storage and auxiliary rooms. In each installation, the instructions must establish a fire safety regime that is appropriate to the fire hazard, including:

  • designated and equipped smoking areas;

  • allowed raw material amounts;

  • semi-finished and finished products located on the premises;

  • procedures for cleaning combustible waste and dust for oiled overall storage;

  • procedure for decommissioning electrical equipment in case of fire and at the end of the working day;

  • procedures for temporary fires and dangerous fireworks;

  • procedure of inspection and closure of the spaces after the completion of the work;

  • employees' actions in case of fire detection;

  • procedure and terms for passing fire preparation classes;

In buildings and structures (excluding residential buildings) with more than 10 people on the floor at the same time, fire evacuation plans should be created and posted prominently. Also, a system used for warning people about fire should be provided. The head of the building with more than 50 persons is obligated to draw up instructions defining the actions of the personnel in case they need to ensure the rapid and safe evacuation of persons, in addition to the schematic plan for evacuation of persons in case of fire. Practical training should be provided for all those involved in the evacuation of workers at least once every six months.

The Maintenance Of Buildings, Structures And Other Spaces

The explosion and fire hazard category should be determined for all production and storage facilities, together with the class of the explosion and the fire hazard area. These must be clearly marked on the doors. Standard safety signs (warnings, plates) must be displayed near equipment with an increased risk of fire. It is not permitted to use materials and substances with unexplored indicators of fire and explosion hazards or which do not have certificates during manufacturing and storage processes, as well as during storage together with other materials and substances.

Fire protection systems and installations (smoke protection, automatic fire protection, fire water supply systems, fire doors etc) inside various spaces, buildings and structures must be in good working condition at all times. Self-closing door devices must be in good condition. It is not permitted to install any device to prevent the normal closing of fire or smoke doors.

It is not permitted to carry out work on equipment, installations and machines with defects that could lead to a fire, as well as when the tools and process automation are switched off, ensuring the control of temperature, pressure and other parameters regulated by safety conditions.

In case of any violation of fireproof coatings (plaster, special paints, varnishes, coatings, etc., including loss and deterioration of fire retardant properties) of the construction structures, the combustible finishes, thermal insulation materials and metal supports of the equipment must be removed immediately.

It is forbidden to use light bulbs, candles and crackers, light fireworks and other lighting effects that are dangerous and which could lead to a fire. It is also forbidden to decorate the Christmas tree with celluloid toys, as well as gauze and cotton wool impregnated with flame retardants; it is not allowed to dress children in costumes made of combustible materials or perform fire, paint and other hazardous and explosive work and use window shutters to darken rooms or reduce the width of the aisles between rows and install additional armchairs, chairs, etc. it is forbidden to completely turn off the light in the room during shows or performances or allow people to fill in spaces that exceed the set norm. During an event, fire safety services should be organized on stage and in the halls of the members of the volunteer fire brigade or firefighters belonging to the organization.

Escape Routes

When operating escape routes and exits, compliance with the requirements of fire safety regulations (including lights, number, dimensions and space planning decisions of escape routes and exits, and the presence of fire safety signs) must be ensured.

Escape doors should also open freely in the direction of exit from the building, except for doors whose opening is not standardized by the requirements of fire safety regulations. The locks on the exit doors should give people inside the building the opportunity to open the door freely from the inside without having to use a key. It is allowed, in agreement with the State Fire Service of the Russian Ministry of Emergencies, to close the emergency evacuation exits using internal mechanical locks. In this case, on each floor of the building, a service officer from the maintenance staff is appointed. They must carry a set of keys for all the locks on the doors of the escape exits on them at all times. Another set of keys must be stored in the service building. Each key on both sets must have an inscription on the membership to the corresponding lock.

Fire Safety Requirements For Electrical Installations

Electrical installations must be installed and operated in accordance with the "Technical Regulation on Fire Safety Requirements", Electrical Installation Rules, Consumer Electrical Operating Rules and Safety Rules for consumer electrical installations and other regulatory documents. Electrical installations and household appliances must be unloaded in those rooms with no service staff at the end of the working hours. All emergency lighting, fire-fighting and water supply, alarm and fire systems must remain active. Other electrical installations and electrical products (including those in residential spaces) may remain energized, if this is due to their functional purpose and/or provided for by the requirements of the operating instructions. 

Fire Safety Requirements For Heating And Ventilation Systems

Prior to the start of the heating season, stoves, boiler rooms, heating and air heating units, other heating devices and systems must be checked and repaired. Defective stoves and other heaters should not be used. Stoves and other heating appliances must have fire cuts set by the standards in the combustible structures and, without rupture and damage, a preheating sheet with a size of at least 0.5 x 0.7 m (per a wooden floor or other material made of combustible materials). Chimneys and soot stoves should be cleaner before the start of the heating season and also throughout it, at least:

  • once every three months for heating stoves;

  • once every two months for continuously operating ovens and hearths;

  • once a month for stoves and other furnaces belonging to a continuous furnace.

At least two valves must be installed on the fuel line on each nozzle of the boilers and heat-generating units: one at the chimney and the other at the fuel tank. When operating boiler rooms and other heat-producing installations in the organization and settlements, it is not permitted:

  • to enable individuals who have not undergone special training and have not received appropriate certificates of qualification to work;

  • to store liquid fuel in boiler rooms and heat-generating rooms;

  • to use as flammable petroleum products and other flammable liquids that are not specified in the technical specifications for the operation of the equipment.

Fire Safety Requirements For Other Types Of Engineering Equipment

It is forbidden to use defective gas appliances and also to install furniture and other combustible objects and materials at a distance of less than 0.2 m horizontally and less than 0.7 m vertically from household gas appliances (when these objects and materials protrude above the appliances gas). Pipes supplying gas to domestic and industrial appliances to installations ordered after construction, overhaul, reconstruction and (or) technical re-equipment should be equipped with heat-sensitive shut-off valves which automatically close the gas pipe when reaching the ambient temperature inside in case of fire at 100 ° C. 

Maintenance Of Fire Water Supply Networks

Water supply networks must be in good condition and ensure the necessary water needs for extinguishing fires. Their performance should be checked at least twice a year (spring and autumn). Hydrants must be in good working condition. They must be insulated in the winter and cleared of snow and ice. When disconnecting sections from the water and hydrant supply network or reducing the pressure below the required one, the district fire service must be notified.

 

Source:

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